I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King - Essay Example He addressed America as he spoke on the behalf of his men (the blacks) accusing the nation of not being able to mete out justice to the black men and seeing its fulfillment was his dream expressed through the speech. Martin Luther King Jr. became a citizen of international repute despite his short span of life. Despite the confinement of the Afro American ghetto, the man came into the limelight of international significance by organizing his people and the country to bring them out from the bitterness of racial discrimination and subjugation towards a utopian period of freedom and fairness. After around 10 years his speeches and skilful oratory became significant in the public arenas. He fought against the moral problem, which posed a threat to the social order. In most cases he attempted to defend his contradiction to racism by addressing the ideologies of the founding documents of United States of America and the biblical notes of love and equality. The main point of his argument c entered on the fact that despite the documentation of the Emancipation Proclamation, the blacks had many reasons to be dissatisfied. This act has freed the blacks from slavery especially whose forefathers were separated from their homeland to serve tenures of bonded labor. He justified this dissatisfaction by citing the instances of social inequality everywhere around him, which contradicts what â€Å"came as a joyous day-break to end the long night of their captivity†. On one hand blacks had to face the brutal injustice of harassment by the police, rejection at hotels and black children faced discrimination at schools. The accusation of the Civil Rights Movement could be expressed in his words as follows: â€Å"But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free.†¦ the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination†¦lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity†¦.an exile in his own land† (‘I have a Dream’). This brought out the discrimination prevailing in the society. He used a metaphor of cashing the ‘check’ which he explained as the promise held by the Declaration of Independence towards every American citizen including blacks and whites alike. He concluded on this issue, saying that the Negro people received from their native land a ‘blank check’, which was marked as ‘insufficient funds’. He stressed on the point ‘Let the freedom ring’ from all corners of mountains and this went in line with his belief that there was actually sufficient fund in the treasury of opportunities in the nation. King preached advised his men to â€Å"drink the poisonous wine of hate† but at the same time called for non-violence to be the essence of their struggle as this is the struggle of the soul and not body (‘I have a Dream’). Later in the day the speech was transcribed for the press and the next day New York Times published, â€Å"Dr. King touched all the themes of the day, only better than anybody else. He was full of the symbolism of Lincoln and Gandhi, and the cadences of the Bible. He was both militant and sad, and he sent the crowd away feeling that the long journey had been worthwhile† (â€Å"I have a Dream†). The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963 signified the unrest amongst the racial activists and civil rights campaigns. Luther King was arrested and wrote his letter from

Shakespeare presents the concept Essay Example for Free

Shakespeare presents the concept Essay The plays main characters are two of the most powerful people in the world, Antony being a member of the triumvirate, a coalition controlling the majority of the globe, and Cleopatra the Queen of Egypt, a feisty lady with a strong will who in the past has been linked with many other world leaders, a point which is often referred to throughout the play; Cleopatra: Did I, Charmian, / Ever love Caesar so? . Due to their status, the authority they hold and the power they have over people is clearly going to be a main theme as it affects many of their actions, decisions and feelings as the play progresses, to great consequence. There are a number of strong characters all trying to gain the upper hand at every opportunity. This is shown even in petty matters such as who gives in and sits down first in the falsely courteous power exchange between Antony and Caesar on Antonys visit to Rome in Act 2, Scene 2. Caesar: Welcome to Rome. Antony: Thank you. Caesar: Sit. Antony: Sit, sir. Caesar: Nay then. [Caesar sits, then Antony] This is comic moment from Shakespeare, but it does also outline the ongoing power struggle within the triumvirate. The scene can be looked at from two angles: it could be argued that, as it is Antony who wins this small exchange, the event aims to highlight the strength he possesses at the height of his career in order to provide a contrast for his lack of authority at the closing stages of the play; on the other hand it could also perhaps be seen as an early sign of his decline, as he is so desperate to gain authority he has reduced himself to pettiness, contrasting with the behaviour of Caesar who acts the bigger man without the need to win this small battle as he believes he can win the real thing, an inner confidence not present within Antony. The contrast between the characters behaviour is shown again more clearly in Act 3, Scene 13 where in a desperate struggle to maintain some authority Antony has Caesars messenger, Thidias, whipped for no good reason other than to prove he does still have some control. Antony: I am / Antony yet. Take hence the jack and whip him! This is an interesting juxtaposition to the previous scene where Caesar has received Antonys ambassador most courteously, even ensuring he returns safely back to his master, Caesar: Bring him through the bands. The difference in approach is most probably because Antony realises whilst his life and leadership is on a steady decline, the younger boy Caesar is gaining experience, power and control with each day that passes. Shakespeare has shown Antonys frustration at this through his actions and poor decision making, both on a personal and professional level. The power relationship between the lovers is also a main focus of the play and is a very interesting one displayed by Shakespeare in many ways. Enobarbuss description of the pairs first meeting at the river Cydnus, Act 2, Scene 2 is not only a beautiful story with wonderful language and imagery, it also gives an interesting insight into the direction the relationship will take. Antony invites the Queen to dine with him, but instead of complying she decides the night will be on her terms and changes the arrangements so he became her guest. This is a shocking response as Antony, Whom neer the word of No woman heard speak, is not used to being rejected. It makes him immediately interested in and intrigued by her. It also gives her the power in the relationship; right from the start she is the one calling the shots. Another interesting technique used by Shakespeare is the idea of gender reversal; Antonys manhood being transferred to Cleopatra. This is shown in many instances throughout the play the first of which comes in Act 1 Scene 2 where Enobarbus mistakes the footsteps of Cleopatra for those of Antony: Enobarbus: Hush, here comes Antony. Charmian: Not he, the Queen. This can either be seen as a genuine mistake in which case the audience can only assume the walk of Cleopatra is actually very similar to that of Antony; alternatively, it could be read that Enobarbus is being a bit cheeky and inferring the gender reversal he believes is taking place between the two of them. Either way it is an interesting comment which, although can not be reflected on at the time by the audience as Cleopatra starts talking, it does introduce the idea which re-emerges on many occasions later on in the play. A physical representation of this comes in Act 2, Scene 5 where a description of a night in which the couple got very drunk and exchanged clothes is given Cleopatra: Then put my tires and mantles on him, whilst I wore his sword Philippian. This displays the exchange which has occurred very clearly and depending on the director it could even be shown visually to the audience. The sword mentioned is just one of many phallic symbols used by Shakespeare and it is used on many occasions often representing Antonys fading masculinity, Antony: My sword, made weak by my affection. One recurring quality in the play is how perceptive the other characters are to the events going on around them; nothing seems to go unnoticed. The gender reversal I have been referring to is also picked up on by the Romans and is described here in Act 1, Scene 4 by Caesar; (Antony) is not more manlike Than Cleopatra, nor the Queen of Ptolemy More womanly than he; This is clearly seen as a weakness and is one way Antony is losing his authority as a world power; he is losing the respect of his contemporaries, an example of the route the relationship takes, finally becoming more destructive than creative and leading to the couples eventual downfall. The gender issues are not the only ones to be noticed by the other characters. Antonys constant struggle for power does not go unnoticed by the soldiers, especially Ventidius who, in Act 3, Scene 1 describes how he restrained from being too impressive in battle so as not to threaten Antonys authority: Better to leave undone than, by our deed, Acquire too high a fame when him we serves away.

Canadas Immigration From 1852-1990 :: essays research papers

Canada's Immigration From 1852-1990 In 1852 many of Canada's immigrants were from Europe countries but many of these were being lost to the United states. This meant that the province of Canada was mostly French Canadians, this began the immigration promotion program in 1850s. In the 1840s the main problem was lack of control over the immigrants now the problem was getting immigrant particularly British ones to start small farms. Over the next 30 years John A. MacDonald did little to attract new immigrants to Canada. In about 1879 a new immigration law was passed that was designed to keep out paupers and destitutes. This would be the start to "weed out" the people that would live in Canada, and eventually become the laws we have today. In 1885 an act was passed that would restrict Chinese males from immigrating. This was done because of the large amount of young Chinese men that were coming to Canada to work building the CRP ( an estimated 15,701). Without these men most of whom lost their lives from injury or disease. During the 1890s a depression because of the very short growing season and very high cost of shipping the grains. This lack of rain caused many Canadians to immigrate to the U.S. for a better life. Not very attractive to immigrants to Canada. Around the beginning of the 1900s the economy was boosted by the increasing need for Canadian food products. Europe had a large population explosion and tax increase caused more and more to move to Canada. With the construction of the CPR it was much easier to go west and settle the land which was cheap or free. The Canadian government was promoting it's self every where with it's fur and grains to encourage new comers and settlers that moved to the U.S. back to Canada. With the out break of World War I tension was high. This was the lowest amount of people in years (although the amount of Americans was increasing with year of the war). Once desired immigrants were now "enemy aliens". Also people from Germany, Hungry, Poland, Romania, and many others become the objects of hostility. After the war there was a huge boom in immigrants because of Canada's growing economy. But after all booms there is always the come down by 1930 Canada was in a bad depression people were also tense because word of another war. During World War II no Canadians had it worse than the Japanese Canadians. After the booming of Pearl Harbour all Japanese-Canadians were stripped of their homes and property. The Canadian government showed great sympathy for European refugees and homeless.

Eastman kodak Essay

Evaluating the financial condition of Eastman Kodak can be troublesome. Per my evaluation of their quarterly report which was found at http://www. kodak. com, some red flags have appeared that the auditors should be aware of. These stand out and should have special focus on. This quarterly report is based on the companies’ business activities as well as their subsidiary companies between the reporting periods of January 1, through December 31, 2011. It has been speculated that some of the previous reports have not been dealing on actual performance data basis (Avery, 2012). While many believe this to be impossible and untrue, however, there seems to be that there were no exceptions reported or noticed on prior reports. Once again, while analyzing this report there seems to be correspondence in regards to data exclusion from the outsourced operations and data for leased facilities were indicated. The cash flow analysis of Kodak has always been cause for concern. The Kodak companies the past several years have had many issues as seem by the financial statements. â€Å"The internal cash flows are negative indicating that this company has a financial problem (Arnold, 2012). Items such as the operating costs, investing, and the use of the cash and its outflow when it has cash are what we consider internal cash flows. Kodak company is aimed its focus on funding numerous functions and operations. This funding was to make sure that the IP licensing strategy would a hit. For this to be applicable, the company would have to sell its assets. â€Å"Thus in order to be successful in the IP portfolio strategy EASTKOD 3 Eastman Kodak set there sites aimed at getting funds of over $200 million and then to have licensing transactions to generate between #250 and $350 million dollars (Anderson, 2012). Some of the red flags that they should be aware of can be economic factors, earning problems, excessive debt. With these factors in mind it is clearly visible that Kodak focused on clearing their work on the idea of sustainability that they had place in process within the 2011 fiscal year. For Kodak to stay competitive they had to initiate new programs to generate business in the areas in which they operate. These programs would boost business. â€Å"After the 2011 quarterly report, Kodak was more sustainable and looked to prosper and take advantage of their customer’s economic, environmental, and social performance in order to maintain and attain a profitable , sustainable, and digital company (Anderson, 2011). With these red flags mentioned, Kodak and its position economically, either would attract or not attract investors. This is due to the fact that the economic factors such as the earnings of an organization give an idea of what its profits, and the shareholders value to be. The public willingness to invest and to get companies to fall in line with them, Eastman Kodak is not an attractive company. This is true due to its low profits the company makes based on its last quarterly report. Kodaks last quarterly report and its last 3 previous years indicate that the company if financially falling. During the audit procedure they should be alerted that Eastman Kodak has adjusted its financial statements making its return on capital and its economic stability unreliable. Eastman Kodaks free cash flow is well below par. Their strategy has failed, and this will not attract new investors. The financial statement show that the cash flow has reduced and this is partly contributed to the board and the lack there of on their fiduciary duties.

What were the most important 5 environmental facts that you learned for this semester?

1. Business issues and environmental issues can not be separated. The environmental problems that the world faces today can not be completely resolved unless business world becomes a helping force in resolving them. Business world has the social responsibility to help resolve the environmental issues. It is inevitable to indulge corporate world in solving the issues of environment since they are one of the major contributors of the environmental problems in the first place, because industrialization and other forms of product production are caused by human activity. . There is a strong relationship between environmental protection and corporate competitiveness. Hoffman presented two schools of thought: a. the win- win perspective b. the win- lose perspective. Surely, there are disadvantages of environmental protection to the companies’ sense of competitiveness however those environmental programs can also open up to many opportunities and new ideas to these companies. Business should always be more than profit. 3. Environmental issues and problems are sometimes lamented and perceive as a market failure. The issue is sometimes selfishly approach by the corporate world for the purpose of only regulatory compliance. For them, environmental issues are unwanted constraining factors that restrict them to gain more profit. 4. The concept of environmental responsibility challenges the corporations to handle and consume the material resources wisely. The limited choices challenge the business world to be more creative in designing products that will conform to the standards of environmentalism. According to Hoffman, different challenges in developing new products, processes and raw materials in the face of environmental demands are within industries today. 5. Recycling sometimes uses more energy than it saves which make it a questionable environmental strategy. It is more cost effective to look for new products in nature than in the artificial and costly laboratory environment (Hoffman p. 21). That’s why resources must be creatively seek in nature itself without compromising its destruction. In the next 3 years how will you use what you learned in those chapters 1,2,3,4,5 ? As a social responsible individual, it is significant to always reconsider the issues of environment before establishing a business. As for me, business must take into account environmental concerns in addition to business’ and economic progress. One of the values a company should live by is to fulfill their human responsibility to protect the environment for future consumption. The further destruction of the environment if not stop must be prevented. As an educated person who has given the opportunity to learn on how to cope with environmental issues in the corporate world, I have a greater responsibility to adhere to the governmental or internal regulations for the protection of the environment. As for my company, I will create new innovated products derived from environmental activities. I believed that handling environmental issues or concerns are a matter of perspective. It can be viewed as something beneficial that may create many opportunities for business people such as the managers to work on various kinds of environmental strategy. I will indulge myself to environmental activities that will help me acquire knowledge that I could impose to my future employees. Environmental issues must not be taken as a threat to the company’s sense of competitiveness but rather it must be approach in a manner that it will open many opportunities. Environmental as Hoffman stresses should not be regarded as restrictions for market development. Definitely, my business framework and one of my business ethical standards will be a proponent of environmental conservation. Employees and people who will consume my products should be aware as well. If we were to do the class over what information would you like to see included? Almost all the information that a business student needs in regards to the relationship of environmental issues and corporate world has been discussed. However, I would like the class to discuss more on the issues of world ecosystem as capital assets for economic progress. It is significant in my own opinion to further discuss the vital services of ecosystem including the production and innovation of goods to motivate business minded people to indulge themselves in environmental concerns. Also the class should help the future business minded people in terms of fundamental steps in decision making in choosing the best products to establish that will conform to the state’s environmental programs.

11th Commandment - Definition in Politics

11th Commandment - Definition in Politics The 11th commandment is an informal rule in the Republican Party mistakenly attributed to Presidential Ronald Reagan that discourages attacks on members of the party and encourages candidates to be kind to each other. The 11th commandment states: Thou shalt not speak ill of any Republican. The other thing about the 11th commandment: Nobody pays attention to it anymore. The 11th commandment  is not meant to discourage healthy debate over policy or political philosophy between Republican candidates for office. It is designed to prevent GOP candidates from launching into personal attacks that would damage the eventual nominee in his general-election contest with the Democratic opponent or preclude him from taking office. In modern politics, the 11th commandment has failed to prevent Republicans candidates from attacking each other. A good example is the 2016 Republican presidential primaries, in which eventual nominee and President-elect Donald Trump routinely disparaged his opponents. Trump referred to Republican U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio as little Marco, U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz as Lyin Ted, and former Florida Jeb Bush as a very low energy kind of guy. The 11th commandment is dead, in other words. Origin of 11th Commandment The origin of the 11th commandment is most often credited to former Republican President Ronald Reagan. Though Reagan used the term many times to discourage infighting in the GOP, he did not come up with 11th commandment. The term was first used by Calfornias Republican Party chairman, Gaylord B. Parkinson, before Reagans first campaign for governor of that state in 1966. Parkinson had inherited a party that was deeply divided. While Parkinson is believed to have first issued that commandment Thou shalt not speak ill of any Republican, he added: Henceforth, if any Republican has a grievance against another, that grievance is not to be bared publicly. The term 11th commandment is a reference to the original 10 commandments handed down by God on how humans should behave. Reagan is often mistakenly given credit with coining the 11th commandment because he was a devout believer in it since first running for political office in California. Reagan wrote in the autobiography An American Life: The personal attacks against me during the primary finally became so heavy that the state Republican chairman, Gaylord Parkinson, postulated what he called the Eleventh Commandment: Thou shalt not speak ill of any fellow Republican. Its a rule I followed during that campaign and have ever since. When Reagan challenged President Gerald Ford for the Republican nomination in 1976, he declined to attack his opponent. I will not put aside the 11th commandment for anyone, Reagan said in announcing his candidacy. 11th Commandment Role in Campaigns The 11th commandment itself has become a line of attack during Republican primaries. Republican candidates often accuse their intraparty rivals of violating the 11th commandment by running negative television ads or leveling misleading charges. In the 2012 Republican presidential contest, for example, Newt Gingrich accused a super PAC that was supporting front-runner Mitt Romney of violating the 11th commandment in the run-up to the Iowa Caucuses. The super PAC, Restore Our Future, questioned Gingrichs record as speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. Gingrich responded on the campaign trail in Iowa by saying, I believe in Reagans 11th commandment. He then went on to criticize Romney, calling the former governor a Massachusetts moderate, among other things. Erosion of 11th Commandment Some conservative thinkers have argued that most Republican candidates have forgotten about or simply choose to ignore the 11th commandment in modern politics. They believe the abandonment of the principle has undermined the Republican Party in elections. In a tribute to Reagan following his death in 2004, U.S. Sen. Byron L. Dorgan said the 11th commandment has been long forgotten, regrettably. I am afraid that todays politics have taken a turn for the worse. President Reagan was agressive in debate but always respectful. I believe he personified the notion that you can disagree without being disagreeable. The 11th commandment was not intended to prohibit Republican candidates from engaging in reasonable debates over policy or pointing out differences between themselves and their rivals. Reagan, for example, was unafraid of challenging his fellow Republicans over their policy decisions and political ideology. Reagans interpretation of the 11th commandment was that the rule was meant to discourage personal attacks between Republican candidates. The line between a spirited conversation over policy and philosophical difference, though, and speaking ill of an opponent is often blurry.

Free Essays on How Would You Contribute In Your Counrty As An Engineer

The rain drops on the windshield wake me up. I sit up and look out the window. Water currents taking along garbage and gasoline rainbows, the cars looking for another way to get by, and the small zinc houses along the road vanish as the current passes by. Everything in its path disappears as it gains speed down hill until the current makes it’s last stop, the lake. And as if the currents were not strong enough to tear down, mudslides accompany. The day keeps on getting worst to sort out as just another ordinary rainy day in Nicaragua. We all watch as this calamity gets out of hands, but we all think to ourselves, whose hands has it gotten out of, Where are our so-called artists of the practical, our engineers to manage these kind of catastrophic situations. We suffer from a dire economy which is an excuse to this situation but not to this cataclysm that could be manageable. I’m looking out the window and daydream about that moment when I will make a step towards the good of my country. The moment when I as an engineer will be able to contribute to avoid such situations. I vision a Nicaragua that could be and not the one that I live in. A vision of a Nicaragua that is much developed and made use of it’s resources, a well-built sewage canal and a uncontaminated Lake that is very well enhanced, a Nicaragua in where I will make a difference.... Free Essays on How Would You Contribute In Your Counrty As An Engineer Free Essays on How Would You Contribute In Your Counrty As An Engineer The rain drops on the windshield wake me up. I sit up and look out the window. Water currents taking along garbage and gasoline rainbows, the cars looking for another way to get by, and the small zinc houses along the road vanish as the current passes by. Everything in its path disappears as it gains speed down hill until the current makes it’s last stop, the lake. And as if the currents were not strong enough to tear down, mudslides accompany. The day keeps on getting worst to sort out as just another ordinary rainy day in Nicaragua. We all watch as this calamity gets out of hands, but we all think to ourselves, whose hands has it gotten out of, Where are our so-called artists of the practical, our engineers to manage these kind of catastrophic situations. We suffer from a dire economy which is an excuse to this situation but not to this cataclysm that could be manageable. I’m looking out the window and daydream about that moment when I will make a step towards the good of my country. The moment when I as an engineer will be able to contribute to avoid such situations. I vision a Nicaragua that could be and not the one that I live in. A vision of a Nicaragua that is much developed and made use of it’s resources, a well-built sewage canal and a uncontaminated Lake that is very well enhanced, a Nicaragua in where I will make a difference....

Jonathan Letterman

Jonathan Letterman Jonathan Letterman was a surgeon in the U.S. Army who pioneered a system of caring for the wounded during battles of the Civil War. Prior to his innovations, the care of wounded soldiers was fairly haphazard, but by organizing an Ambulance Corps Letterman saved many lives and changed forever how the military operated. Lettermans accomplishments did not have much to do with scientific or medical advances, but with ensuring that a solid organization for caring for the wounded was in place.   After joining the Army of the Potomac of General George McClellan in the summer of 1862, Letterman began preparing the Medical Corps. Months later he faced a colossal challenge at the Battle of Antietam, and his organization for moving the wounded proved its worth. The following year, his ideas were utilized during and after the Battle of Gettysburg. Some of Lettermans reforms had been inspired by changes instituted in medical care by the British during the Crimean War. But he also had invaluable medical experience learned in the field, during a decade spent in the Army, mostly at outposts in the West, before the Civil War. After the war, he wrote a memoir that detailed his operations in the Army of the Potomac. And with his own health suffering, he died at the age of 48. His ideas, however, lived on long after his life and benefited the armies of many nations. Early Life Jonathan Letterman was born December 11, 1824, in Canonsburg, in western Pennsylvania. His father was a doctor, and Jonathan received an education from a private tutor. He later attended Jefferson College in Pennsylvania, graduating in 1845. He then attended medical school in Philadelphia. He received his M.D. degree in 1849 and took the examination to join the U.S. Army. Throughout the 1850s Letterman was assigned to various military expeditions which often involved armed skirmishes with Indian tribes. In the early 1850s he served in Florida campaigns against the Seminoles. He was transferred to a fort in Minnesota, and in 1854 joined an Army expedition that traveled from Kansas to New Mexico. In 1860 he served a stint in California.   On the frontier, Letterman learned to tend to the wounded while having to improvise in very rough conditions, often with inadequate supplies of medicine and equipment. Civil War and Battlefield Medicine After the outbreak of the Civil War, Letterman returned from California and was briefly posted in New York City. By the spring of 1862 he was assigned to an Army unit in Virginia, and in July 1862 he was appointed medical director of the Army of the Potomac. At the time, Union troops were engaged in McClellans Peninsula Campaign, and military doctors were grappling with the problems of disease as well as battle wounds. As McClellans campaign turned into a fiasco, and the Union troops retreated and began to return to the area around Washington, D.C., they tended to leave behind medical supplies. So Letterman, taking over that summer, faced a challenge of resupplying the Medical Corps.  He advocated for the creation of an ambulance corps. McClellan agreed to the plan and a regular system of inserting ambulances into army units began. By September 1862, when the Confederate Army crossed the Potomac River into Maryland, Letterman commanded a Medical Corps that promised to be more efficient than anything the U.S. Army had seen before. At Antietam, it was put to the test. In the days following the great battle in western Maryland, the Ambulance Corps, troops specially trained to retrieve wounded soldiers and bring them to improvised hospitals, functioned fairly well. That winter the Ambulance Corp again proved its worth at the Battle of Fredericksburg. But the colossal test came at Gettysburg, when the fighting raged for three days and casualties were enormous. Lettermans system of ambulances and wagon trains dedicated to medical supplies worked fairly smoothly, despite countless obstacles. Legacy and Death Jonathan Letterman resigned his commission in 1864, after his system had been adopted throughout the U.S. Army. After leaving the Army he settled in San Francisco with his wife, whom he had married in 1863. In 1866, he wrote a memoir of his time as medical director of the Army of the Potomac. His health began to fail, and he died on March 15, 1872. His contributions to how armies prepare to attend to the wounded in battle, and in how the wounded are moved and cared for, had great influence over the years.

Two Major Competing Brands under the Same Parent Corporation Essay

Two Major Competing Brands under the Same Parent Corporation - Essay Example This essay declares that Dove and Axe are the two competing brands under the same parent corporation, Unilever. Dove is Unilever’s personal care brand that offers products for both women and men and has business interests in more than 35 countries across the globe. At the same time, Axe is a brand that deals with male grooming products under the parent company Unilever. This discussion explores that while dealing with more than one competing brands, an organization might face several challenges. In contrast, Unilever has succeeded in its promotional tactics for Dove and Axe in the international market. Although the success could be attributed to several competitive advantages, as per the reports, globalization greatly contributed to the faster growth of Dove and Axe in the international market. Globalization refers to a process by which national economies and cultures are integrated into an international economy so as to enhance international trade, direct foreign investment, migration, and technology sharing. Both Dove and Axe get the opportunity to attain benefits from foreign markets since the offshore countries provide better business conditions such as cheap raw materials and labor, liberal government laws, and large number of potential customers. The company highly encourages fair competition so that brands like Dove and Axe vehemently dominat e the market in which they operate. The designed purpose and principles of the company state that it always works with integrity, which is also applicable to Dove and Axe (Personal care brands). Both the Dove and Axe brands practice the concept of market segmentation. It is obvious that both these brands target people between the age 18 and 24; and hence they focus their business to areas where youngster highly indulge. Since the two brands deal with almost similar products, they are forced to compete with each other in the same market segments. Kapferer (2008, p.403) opine, under such market conditions, both brands must avoid all references to the parent company when they operate under the same corporation because this practice would help to maximize the perceived difference between the two. As per the Unilever code of conduct, both Dove and Axe managements continuously try to

A Simulated Research Study Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Simulated Study - Research Paper Example This data is clustered monthly, giving 60 data sets. The analysis will determine the descriptive statistics for the two sets of share data, determine the correlation and regression between the data and use a t-test to test for significance. Finally, the paper will explain the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the two sets of data. The first part of the paper will present an introduction to the two companies and provide an overview of the statistical techniques to be used. The paper will then provide an explanation for the methods used in collecting the data, after which the methodology for the paper is explained. The paper will then present the results of the analysis, followed by an analysis of each statistic in the summary outputs presented in the paper. Table of Contents Name i Abstract ii Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Data Collection 3 Data Analysis 4 Results 5 Descriptive Statistics 5 Correlation 6 Regression 6 T-test 7 ANOVA 7 Discussion 8 Introduction The sof t drinks industry is an industry that has the biggest competitive presence in the global industry. Currently, the industry is dominated by two main players; The Coca Cola Company and Pepsi Company Limited. These two companies operate in the global market, and are known to be the biggest companies in the soft drinks market. ... The comparison of the two companies’ share prices will also help in determining the relationship between the share prices of the two companies, whether the change in share prices for the two companies are in any way related. In this case, a set of descriptive statistics will be used to determine whether either company is better than the other. This analysis will also determine the correlation between the operations of the two companies, the regression between their share prices, a t-test to test for independence and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). These tests will help in determining the relationship between the share prices of the two companies and the performance of each company in relation to the other. Since the two companies are competitors, it is expected that one company performs better than the other company, but that their prices be positively correlated since they operate in the same industry, so are mostly affected by the same factors. Methodology Data Collection A s already stated, the company will be done using share prices for Coca Cola and PepsiCo for the last five years of operations. The data for this simulated research study will be collected from Yahoo! Finance, where the date collected will be monthly data from 2007 to 2012. The data will be collected from May 1, 2007 to May 1, 2012, which gives 61 data sets for each company. The use of 61 data points is done to avoid short-term effects of market interplay factors like unexpected events in the financial periods of each company. The data collected for each company is displayed in the following table: Date Coke Pepsi Date Coke Pepsi 5/1/2007 50.32 59.25 11/2/2009 45.32 57.67 6/1/2007 45.72 56.54 12/1/2009 51.71 56.75 7/2/2007 47.36

The Relationship between Liberalism and Feminism Research Paper

The Relationship between Liberalism and Feminism - Research Paper Example Feminism is somewhat an expansion of the liberal plan. The relationship between liberalism and feminism is very close but at the same time extremely complicated. The origin of both the principles lies in the materialization of individualism and independence as a common concept of social life; neither feminism nor liberalism is possible without a certain idea of people as independent, free, and being equal individuals, liberated from the recognized, hierarchical ties of conventional culture and society. Although moderation and feminism belong to the same foundation, their supporters have repeatedly been disparate and opposed from the previous two hundred years. The course and range of feminist disapproval of liberal concepts of the community and the public have changed to a great extent in various stages of the feminist plan. An examination of this condemnation is made more complex because liberalism is intrinsically vague about the private and the public and liberals and feminist dif fer about why and where the separation among the two areas should be done, or, according to some modern feminist point of view, if it ought to be separated at all. Feminism is frequently perceived as nothing further than the achievement of the bourgeois and liberal transformation, as an expansion of liberal values and rights to men and women both simultaneously. The need to have equal rights for every individual has been an imperative stance of feminists at all times. Nevertheless, the effort to universalize tolerance and broadmindedness has more influential results than is often cherished because at the end it unavoidably defies the liberalism itself.  

Gulf Air Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gulf Air - Case Study Example Assets of the gulf air company have become manifold as compared to the time it started its business. (Gulf Air Official Website, 2010) The history of Gulf aviation relates back to the 1940s when a British pilot and entrepreneur named Freddie Bosworth started a company with the aim of providing air taxi services to the local customers and to the businesses. For ten years he was carrying on with the company with his small fleet of aircrafts and at the end of first quarter of 1950 he transformed his business into a private shareholding company with the name of Gulf Aviation. Therefore, it can be regarded as one of the oldest air carriers performing operations in the Middle East. After some time in 1951, the founder of the company died and it was all set to be sold to the big guns of the aviation industry. (Gulf Air Official Website, 2010) In the month of October of the year 1951 British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) acquired a 22% stake in the Gulf Aviation and therefore became a major share holder in the company. After the purchase of stake of the Gulf Aviation by British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) some of the updated and technologically advanced aircrafts were added to the fleet of the company as well as the company started its services to London city. Year 1973 is regarded as the most important year in the his... Thus by the acquisition of the shares of the company Gulf air became the national carrier of those four countries in the Persian Gulf. Moving further along the line in the same year, Gulf aviation achieved another land mark with the establishment of the subsidiary company of Gulf Helicopters. In the 1980s an increase in the trend of travelling by air was seemed in the world and the air travel was seemed to be the best commuting route in the world. With this opportunity Gulf airways also cashed in to make the best out of the bargain. It was the time of some real growth for the company and the company made the best out of the available opportunities. In the year 1981 Gulf Air became an IATA member and in the following year, it became the first International airline to land at Riyadh. With the progress of the company more and more aircrafts were also being added to the fleet of the company and in the year 1988 Boeing 767s were added to the fleet of the company and with the addition of Boeing 767s more services were offered to different customers of the different destinations. Gulf air also has the prestige of being the first Arab airline to fly directly to the continent of Australia. In the year 1994 Gulf air started receiving the airbus aircrafts and in the year 2000 took t he delivery of all of the remaining airbus aircrafts. In the meanwhile gulf air extended its services to the other parts of the world and the procedure of expansion did not stop. In the 1990s gulf air was down on profits and was not performing well as a corporate entity when the reign of the fleet and resources of gulf air was held in the hands of a newly appointed CEO of the company. In the year 2002 Mr. James Hogan became the president

Managing High Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managing High Performance - Essay Example It argues against the rigidities of autocracy. This style of management is successful in the sense that it does not demoralize employees and involves them in management, giving them an opportunity to be managers of themselves. Decision making is a crucial action in management and it encompasses influencing the direction that an organization takes in its business pursuits. Decision making processes can either be centralized or decentralized (Rao, 2008). Centralization of decision making leaves a few individuals with the responsibility of making crucial decisions that affect the operations of the firm. Decentralization of decision making process delegates decision making responsibilities to other employees including junior employees. The article Shared or unshared consensus decision in macaques? (Sueur, & Petit, 2008) emphasizes on decentralized decision making. This mode of making decisions is effective in terms of time and cost saving. It minimizes bureaucratic procedures and thus successfully efficient. Management styles can also be presented as formal or informal. The mode of management style adopted under this principle depends on the leadership interests of the firm. Informal management styles fail to accustom to specific procedures of conducting business within and without the firm. The article Cooperative behavior cascades in human social networks (Fowler & Christakis, 2010) promote formal management style. It minimizes employee redundancies and promotes result-oriented management and leadership. Employee inefficiencies and ineffectiveness prior to the operations of the firm are minimized or alleviated altogether. All the three aspects highlighted above in management and decision making processes relate to employee management in different contexts of working environments. The underlying difference is the management and

Gulf Air Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Gulf Air - Case Study Example Assets of the gulf air company have become manifold as compared to the time it started its business. (Gulf Air Official Website, 2010) The history of Gulf aviation relates back to the 1940s when a British pilot and entrepreneur named Freddie Bosworth started a company with the aim of providing air taxi services to the local customers and to the businesses. For ten years he was carrying on with the company with his small fleet of aircrafts and at the end of first quarter of 1950 he transformed his business into a private shareholding company with the name of Gulf Aviation. Therefore, it can be regarded as one of the oldest air carriers performing operations in the Middle East. After some time in 1951, the founder of the company died and it was all set to be sold to the big guns of the aviation industry. (Gulf Air Official Website, 2010) In the month of October of the year 1951 British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) acquired a 22% stake in the Gulf Aviation and therefore became a major share holder in the company. After the purchase of stake of the Gulf Aviation by British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) some of the updated and technologically advanced aircrafts were added to the fleet of the company as well as the company started its services to London city. Year 1973 is regarded as the most important year in the his... Thus by the acquisition of the shares of the company Gulf air became the national carrier of those four countries in the Persian Gulf. Moving further along the line in the same year, Gulf aviation achieved another land mark with the establishment of the subsidiary company of Gulf Helicopters. In the 1980s an increase in the trend of travelling by air was seemed in the world and the air travel was seemed to be the best commuting route in the world. With this opportunity Gulf airways also cashed in to make the best out of the bargain. It was the time of some real growth for the company and the company made the best out of the available opportunities. In the year 1981 Gulf Air became an IATA member and in the following year, it became the first International airline to land at Riyadh. With the progress of the company more and more aircrafts were also being added to the fleet of the company and in the year 1988 Boeing 767s were added to the fleet of the company and with the addition of Boeing 767s more services were offered to different customers of the different destinations. Gulf air also has the prestige of being the first Arab airline to fly directly to the continent of Australia. In the year 1994 Gulf air started receiving the airbus aircrafts and in the year 2000 took t he delivery of all of the remaining airbus aircrafts. In the meanwhile gulf air extended its services to the other parts of the world and the procedure of expansion did not stop. In the 1990s gulf air was down on profits and was not performing well as a corporate entity when the reign of the fleet and resources of gulf air was held in the hands of a newly appointed CEO of the company. In the year 2002 Mr. James Hogan became the president

Stereotyping of Arabs in Western media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Stereotyping of Arabs in Western media - Essay Example This has created a mentality of us against them, where producers still unconsciously perceive the Arabs, and Muslims in general, as being the enemy, although they would never to such a thing. The various events which have taken place in the twentieth century have worked to strengthen this opinion of Arabs, as seen where the latter are looked upon as being a violent people, whose religious fanaticism is the cause of all the major conflicts in the world today. The events leading to the September 11 attacks and its aftermath have all been blamed on Arabs, who are seen as having had a direct hand in these events. The fact that a majority of the Arab people in the world are just regular people like any other westerner seems not to have been put into consideration as many of them have become victims of racially instigated attacks because of who they are and what they look like. According to Hussein (2010, p118) Hollywood films that feature Arabs are examples of the inherent racism that has long been established in western media and that the fact that these films are shown in public comes to influence how its audience views the Arab people. The American media, especially the films, tend to include evil Arab characters as well as racial slurs which are used to demean them and this creates a situation where people from the Middle East are viewed as being an evil race, with no set moral standards. This is not a true reflection of the Arab people and, because of the bias of western media against them, they have come to be portrayed in an extremely negative light where it is difficult to determine or differentiate between the Arabs with good intentions from those with evil ones. The Arab men have come to be depicted as being chauvinistic in the movies that feature them, showing them not only mistreating their wives and daughters, but also keeping them in the background where they have little or no rights (Hassan 2001, p.56). They have also come to be depicted as being gree dy for money and as being willing to sell their souls for the sake of acquiring more of it, a depiction which goes against the fact that Arabs have throughout their history been an entrepreneurial race much involved in trade. Because Islam allows Arab men to marry up to four wives, western media has come to depict them as being womanizers who are extremely attracted to western women. Whenever Arabs men are shown in films, they are depicted as traveling with vast harems to satisfy their every desire, a depiction which is not a true reflection of the character of this race. The Arab-Israeli conflict has not been of much help in improving the image of Arabs in western media and this is because of the fact that the true story concerning the conflict has been distorted in favor of the Israelis. This conflict has been a key feature in western media since the formation of the state of Israel in 1948 and despite the fact that the Jewish state has committed many injustices against the Palest inian people; the latter are still depicted as being the aggressors. The fact that women, children, and the elderly have fallen victim to Israeli attacks has been kept in the background, while the image of Arab men as being fanatical terrorists attacking the state of Israel has been brought to the foreground (Onwudiwe 2005, p.6). This has created a situation where it has become difficult for the image of Arabs

Philosophy Statement on Adult Education Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Statement on Adult Education Essay For human beings, learning appears to be unstoppable and insatiable. People are always craving, curious and willing to learn new things every time. New information or methodology never fails to excite the curiosity and interest of the people thus inspiring learning attitude and enthusiasm. Even though at adult age or middle age, the rate of learning enthusiasm of the people never declines and sometimes it even increases with every year that passed on someone’ life. This idea is attributed to many factors that includes the psychological and emotional maturity of the person’s perspective towards learning and education, which is characterized by an upsurge in the degree of seriousness and willingness. Some cases are attributed to factors such as financial capabilities or time availability but most of the cases are because of the personal reason within the individual. Thus, adult education is a conventional and constructive approach to the learning process because it based on the humanistic and progressive philosophies of the human being. Adult Education The Corley and Stedman define adult education as â€Å"all forms of schooling and learning programs in which adults participate. Unlike other types of education, adult education is defined by the student population rather than by the content or complexity of a learning program (2005). † Accordingly, it is the learning process and enthusiastic approach of adults to the world of knowledge and information through the use of the schooling methodologies whether formal or informal. There are actually many reasons why an adult wants to participate in the education process. Some adults reasoned out that they want to learn new things and information which are not yet available during their schooling periods thus they want to be updated. Others want to develop or enhance their skills by taking either a masteral or a doctorate degree on their field of career or acquire skills on a new career they wish to embrace. While other, commonly the people who have not yet experienced schooling process or became literate, wants to learn the basic skills which they have not yet learned. Because of different reasons, the adult education programs offered at the present caters to different motives or needs. These programs ranged from categories such as literacy training, community development, university credit programs, on-the-job training and continuing professional education (Corley Stedman, 2005). In addition, due to the surging demand and popularity of the idea of adult education many institutions have already established facilities and programs to accommodate the interested students. Programs vary in organization from casual, incidental learning to formal college credit courses. Institutions offering education to adults include colleges, libraries, museums, social service and government agencies, businesses, and churches (Corley Stedman, 2005). Conclusion Adult education is normal process and something that should not be subjected to discrimination and subjection because learning is a human impulse or need that can be satisfied or fulfilled regardless of age and social status. Age and time should not be a hindrance to the acquisition of skills, information and literacy. Humans regardless of age always have humanistic and progressive philosophical aspects that continuously crave for enhance and learning to aid the development of a person in all aspects. Education whether in form of literacy, practical knowledge or scientific information will help the person realized and fully understand himself or herself and his or her environment thus continuous attainment of knowledge is important and adult education is one means of attaining it.

Treatment of Acute Renal Colic: Rectal Diclofenac Sodium

Treatment of Acute Renal Colic: Rectal Diclofenac Sodium Therapeutic Effects of Rectal Diclofenac Sodium and Intramuscular Pethidine Injection  in The Treatment of Acute Renal Colic: A randomized Clinical Trial Mohammad Mehdi Hosseini, Abdoul-Rasoul Ebrahimi Abstract Renal colic is a type of abdominal pain commonly caused by obstructive stones. The aims of this study were to evaluate safety and efficacy of rectal diclofenac sodium ( RD ) in acute renal colic and compare it with intramuscular pethidine (IMP) injection. In an interventional prospective double blind randomized control trial with 541 patients, which referred to Emergency Department due to acute renal colic, RD and IMP were administrated to 266 patient (as group I) and 275 patients (as group II), respectively. Pain relief was measured through asking the patient by the physician at 10, 20 and 30 min after using of respective drugs in each group. In group I, analgesic effects of RD were appeared in 121 patients (45.5%) after 10 min, 191 patients (71.9%) after 20 min and 233 patients (87.5%) after 30 min. 33 patients (12.5%) had no response to RDS . In group II, analgesic effects of IMP were appeared in 123 patients (44.7%) after 10 min, 191 patients (69.5%) after 20 min and 254 patients (92.3%) after 30 min. 21 patients (7.7%) had no response to IMP. Our results demonstrated that although, there were no significant differences in analgesic effects between two drugs (P=0.06), but, due to availability, cheapness, safety and self administration properties, use of sodium diclofenac in suppository form is highly recommended in renal colic. Keywords: Renal colic; diclofenac sodium; pethidine; analgesia. Introduction Renal colic is a common urological emergency at the emergency department, often caused by the movement of ureteral stones and characterized by severe pain. Patients describe this pain as the most severe and excruciating situation ever experienced (Ay et al. 2013). This condition afflicts 5à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 12% of the population in industrial societies at least once in their life time and its recurrence rate is approximately 50% (Esmailian and Keshavarz 2014). The pain is usually attributed to contraction of ureter soft muscles in response to the presence of stone (Holdgate and Pollock 2004). Therefore, the most important consideration in the emergency management of renal colics is pain control/relief (Esmailian and Keshavarz 2014). Both parenteral opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to provide relief from renal colic (Bektas et al. 2009). For relieving this pain, morphine and pethidine in the traditional approach were used, but, due to their side effects such as addictive effects, constipation, respiratory depression, and mental changes,, using of them is reduced and replaced by NSAIDs (Kalb et al. 2010; Muslumanoglu and Tepeler 2008). Experimental works suggest that prostaglandins (PGs) play an important role in producing pain in renal colic and therefore, antiprostaglandins can eliminate or diminish this type of pain (Hetherington and Philp 1986; Thompson et al. 1989). Diclofenac, 2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)phenyl)acetic acid, is an NSAID taken or applied to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions such as renal colic. The exact mechanism of action is not entirely known, but the primary mechanism responsible for its analgesic action is thought to be inhibition of PG synthesis by inhibition of cyclooxygenase, one of the basic enzymes in the PG synthesis pathway (Dutta et al. 2000). On the other hand, pethidine is a once popular synthetic opioid analgesic of the phenylpiperidine class (MacPherson and Duguid 2008). The specific adverse event of vomiting showed a clear association with opioids, in particular pethidine. Although no studies reported serious adverse events, the short follow-up period and failure to specifically record renal dysfunction and gastrointestinal bleeding means these results should be interpreted cautiously (Holdgate and Pollock 2004). Given these findings, when a single bolus of analgesia i s used, an NSAID rather than an opioids was recommended. However, in some condition such as severe pain using of opioids is inevitable. Therefore, in this study, we compared the efficacy of analgesic therapy of rectal diclofenac sodium (RD) and intramuscular pethidine (IMP), commonly preferred in emergency departments in our country in patients with renal colic. Participants and Methods A. Patients and study design An interventional prospective multicenter double blind randomized control trial (RCT) with five hundred forty one eligible patients which had renal colic and referred to Motahhary and Peymanieh Hospitals of Jahrom and Faghihi and Nemazee Hospitals of Shiraz between Dec 2005 to Apr 2007 was done. The study protocol and informed consent were approved by the Ethics Committee at Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. All patients who enrolled in this study, were read, accepted and signed the consent form. Participant, with age between 17 to 52 years, randomly allocated in two parallel groups, RD (single dose of 100 mg) and IMP (single dose of 50 mg) in the approximately ratio of 1:1 (266 and 275 patients, respectively). Randomization was performed using a computer-generated random permuted block method. Patients with history of allergy to NSAIDs, hemorrhoids and anal fissures, peptic ulcers, coagulopathy, inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, ischemic coronary diseases, chronic obstruct ive pulmonary disease, and liver or renal failure were excluded from the study. B. Method of measurement Subjects reported pain and its decline at 10, 20 and 30 min after drug receiving and according to significant decrease in pain intensity at each time (decrease in pain intensity more than 50%), the patient was placed in the respected groups. Subjects were blind to their previous reports. Our outcome measure was the change in pain intensity at 10, 20, 30 and more than 30 min. The participants that enrolled in group 3 (significant decrease in pain after 30 min) were composed from patient in group 1 (significant decrease in pain after 10 min) and 2 (significant decrease in pain after 20 min) and there was similar pattern between group 2 and 1. C. Statistical analysis SPSS for Windows version 16 package program was used for statistical analysis of the data. t test and analysis of variance were used for analysis of variables. Results were expressed as n (number of patients), and percentage (%). According to the results, a P value 0.05). Distribution of patients according to time of responding to analgesic effects of RD and IMP is displayed in Figure 2. According to these data, the percentage of patients that showed defined decline in pain at 10 and 20 min after using of drug in RD was higher than IMP. However these differences were not significant (P=0.06). Discussion In this study, the analgesic efficacy of rectal sodium diclofenac and intramuscular pethidine administration in patients which suffered from renal colic were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that although, the percent of patients with diminished pain in 10 and 20 min after using of RD was higher than IMP but, this difference was not significant. Therefore, the efficacy of these two drugs is similar. However, due to availability, cheapness, safety and self administration properties, use of RD is highly recommended in renal colic in compare to IMP. In two previously studies, the efficacy of using of sodium diclofenac versus pethidine in acute renal colic were evaluated and reported. In the study of Hetherington and Philp (1986) on 58 renal colic patients, it has been concluded that 75 mg of sodium diclofenac, IM, was more effective than 100 mg of Pethdine, IM, in the management of acute renal colic and has fewer side effects (Hetherington and Philp 1986). Also, Thompson et al (1989) reported that diclofenac suppositories provided potent, specific analgesia in renal colic. They also concluded that, diclofenac is superior to pethidine, because its effect starting at a similar time but lasting longer (Thompson et al. 1989). On the other hand, this fact that diclofenac can be self administered and is not an opiate makes it a useful drug in general practice, especially for patients with recurrent renal colic. Pethidine as a synthetic opioids, is about one tenth as potent as morphine and due to having more lipid solubility than morphine, elimination half life of two to four hours and duration of action of only two to three hours were considered for it (Foley 1985). At 2000, in a double blind RCT, analgesic efficacy, patient satisfaction and side effects of morphine and pethidine in patients with clinically suspected renal colic were evaluated. Although, their data demonstrated that there was no significant difference between morphine and pethidine with respect to any of the parameters measured, but they concluded that because of the well known adverse effects that may be associated with pethidine use, morphine should be the preferred agent in suspected renal colic, when an opioid analgesic is to be used (O 'Connor et al. 2000). In addition, it has been reported that norpethidine, the predominant metabolite of pethidine, is potentially toxic and causing central nervous system excitability such as tremors, myoclonus or seizures. Also, accumulation of norpethidine has also been seen in patients with normal kidneys, particularly with large doses or frequent dosing intervals (Marinella 1997). Finally, due to adverse effects of pethidine and its metabolite, norpethidine and also due to possibility of pethidine addiction, we believe that diclofenac suppositories should be considered as the first line treatment of renal colic, both in hospital and in general practice. Acknowledgment The authors thank the staff physians and nursing team of the Emergency Department of the Motahhary and Peymanieh Hospitals of Jahrom and Faghihi and Nemazee Hospitals of Shiraz and all other people who help in this study. References Ay MO, Sebe A, Kozaci N, Satar S, Acikalin A, Gulen M, Acehan S (2013) Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of Dexketoprofen Trometamol and Meperidine HCl in the Relief of Renal Colic. American Journal of Therapeutics. doi:10.1097/MJT.0b013e318274db78 Bektas F, Eken C, KaradenÄ ±z O, Goksu E, Cubuk M, Cete Y (2009) Intravenous paracetamol or morphine for the treatment of renal colic: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Emergency Medicine 54 (4):568-574 Dutta NK, Annadurai S, Mazumdar K, Dastidar SG, Kristiansen JE, Molnar J, Martins M, Amaral L (2000) The anti-bacterial action of diclofenac shown by inhibition of DNA synthesis. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 14 (3):249-251 Esmailian M, Keshavarz M (2014) Synergistic Effects of Citalopram and Morphine in the Renal Colic Pain Relief; a Randomized Clinical Trial. Emergency 1 (2):26-29 Foley KM (1985) The treatment of cancer pain. New England Journal of Medicine 313:84-95 Hetherington JW, Philp NH (1986) Diclofenac sodium versus pethidine in acute renal colic. British Medical Journal 292 (6515):237-238 Holdgate A, Pollock T (2004) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) versus opioids for acute renal colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:1-54 Kalb B, Sharma P, Salman K, Ogan K, Pattaras JG, Martin DR (2010) Acute abdominal pain: is there a potential role for MRI in the setting of the emergency department in a patient with renal calculi? Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 32 (5):1012-1023 MacPherson RD, Duguid MD (2008) Strategy to Eliminate Pethidine Use in Hospitals. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 38 (2):88-89 Marinella MA (1997) Meperidine-induced generalized seizures with normal renal function. South Medical Journal 90:556-558 Muslumanoglu AY, Tepeler A (2008) Renal kolik tani ve tedavisi. Marmara Med J 21:187-192 O'Connor A, Schug SA, Cardwell H (2000) A comparison of the efficacy and safety of morphine and pethidine as analgesia for suspected renal colic in the emergency setting. Journal of Accident and Emergency Medicine 17 (4):261-264 Thompson JF, Pike JM, Chumas PD, Rundle JS (1989) Rectal diclofenac compared with pethidine injection in acute renal colic. British Medical Journal 299 (6708):1140-1141 Figure 1. Number and percentage of patients which response/non response to rectal sodium diclofenac and intramuscular pethidine. Figure 2. Comparison on the efficacy of rectal sodium diclofenac and intramuscular pethidine in attenuating of renal colic pain.

The Protagonist and Antagonist of Crime and Punishment :: Crime Punishment Essays

The Protagonist and Antagonist of Crime and Punishment      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Crime and Punishment is considered by many to be the first of Fyodor Dostoevsky's great books.   Crime and Punishment is a psychological account of a crime.   The crime is double murder.   A book about such a broad subject can be made powerful and appealing to our intellectual interests if there is a link between the reader, the action, and the characters. Doestoevsky makes all these links at the right places.   The action takes place between the protagonists and the antagonists.   The protagonists include Dounia, the Marmeladovs, Sonia, Razumhin, Porfiry Petrovich, and Nastaya.   The antagonists of the story are Luzhin, Ilya Petrovich, and the landlady.   Raskolnikov could be considered to be the primary protagonist, while Svidrigailov could be thought of as the primary antagonist.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In every story the protagonist is the character that the reader cares most about.   In Crime and Punishment the reader cares about Rodion Raskolnikov.   He is the primary and most significant character in the novel. We are introduced to this complex character in Part 1.   We get to know the poverty stricken condition that he resides in, and we get to know his family situation as we read the long letter from Raskolnikov's mother. Then we witness the murder as it is graphically described by Doestoevsky. After reading this graphic description of the murder, how can the reader be sympathetic towards Raskolnikov?   How can the reader believe that a murderer is the protagonist?   It is, in fact,   not hard to accept this murderer as the protagonist.   Raskolnikov believed that by murdering the pawnbroker, he rid society of a pest.   We realize that if the victim would have been someone other than an evil old pawnbroker the crime would never had taken place.   He could never have found the courage to kill an innocent person.   It would not prove anything to him.   So, Raskolnikov was not a criminal. He does not repent because he does not feel that he had sinned. All he did was violate laws that were made by society.   Raskolnikov definition of crime was evil will in action.   Raskolnikov knows that he possesses no evil will, and so he does not consider himself a criminal.   He is capable of justifying his crime.

Gap Outsourcing in China

Companies want to utilize modern infrastructure and focus on their core strengths hill other professional firms handle their other business processes (Lathering, 2007: 2). The textile Industry has been a fundamental driving force In China's economy for many years. Outsourcing production to the Chinese manufacturers has become popular among other foreign firms in the recent past (Earns, 2006: 362). This is especially because the textile industry is a labor intensive industry and firms prefer to outsource In China since It has large pool of cheap labor.The World Bank report of 2006 Indicated some of the most suitable locations to Invest In china which re; the south east Coastal provinces, the Pearl river delta province of Gudgeon, all special economic zones and the province of Fijian (Yuan, 2008: 20). Pestle analysis is a technique used to assist corporations in understanding the external environment In which they operate In the present and future. It helps an organization to assess th e macroeconomic conditions surrounding it in order to make a business decision.It works more efficiently when used in conjunction with risk analysis, SOOT analysis, and urgency grid. Expert knowledge of the organization and its external surrounding Is also Important in pestle analysis. The word PESTLE was coined from political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, legal, and environment factors that affect an organization. The main aim of conducting PESTLE analysis is to help in the analysis of the external environment and its effect on the organization (Institute of leadership & management 2007:23).In pestle analysis, we consider each of the external factors and how it is likely to impact on the organization. Political factors: The government plays a major role in growth of businesses through policy formulations. These policies can affect an organization both positively and negatively. Although policies existing In China favor exports to China, sourcing remains the best tool to g ain entry into the market. It is further renown for its low cost sourcing. Gap Inc. Should consider the existing government policies and assess whether or not they favor the textile industry.Social factors: Most of the Chinese working class lack global business experience due to socialism mode of governance where the government provided almost everything especially in the past. Gap should aim to build good legislations with both the local and international governments. It should also use sourcing as a means to penetrate the Chinese market. The composition of a country population has major effects on the performance of a business (Center & Edmonds, 2002: 40). Outsourcing also requires high level of trust since It involves sharing financial information and actual transfer of cash (Chining, 2009:127).Economic factors: China's economy is more advantaged in comparison with most other developing I OFF countries. I Nils Is primarily Owe to Its tidally to allover Nell quality products Tanat meet he standards that are required by legislation and consumers in the European countries. It also provides ideal environment to source consumer products. The textile industry is also on the road to recovery due to the policy for revitalization plans for the textile industry which was passed in 2009 Just after China regained economic growth.This has seen the textile industry overcome numerous difficulties and make new development (China textile network company, 2009: 4). However, China's market is characterized by risks and GAP Company should maintain flexibility and diversity when dealing with sourcing. Teaming up with local companies in China would help Gap in cost cutting. It would also aid with the knowledge on the domestic market as they would rather assists as partners rather than competitors (The outsourcing institute 2005).Legal factors: The Chinese legal system does not adequately protect the IP rights. The outsourcing company should therefore understand the extent to whi ch patents and trade secrets can be protected (Kennedy & Clark, 2006: 1). Gap Company should therefore ensure that their legal rights are protected. Technology: IT professionals graduating each year from China are approximately 200000, providing a strong technically skilled population. China is rapidly emerging as one of the world's leading supplier in offshore software outsourcing due to its remarkable development rate.Its aim is to outshine India and become the dominant competitor (Shine technologies 2008). Gap Inc. Should take advantage of this emerging strength and go ahead to outsource its textile manufacturing services in China as well as looking into ways to benefit from China's current software strengths since for any company to succeed in the modern market, it has to utilize highly advanced technology. Environmental factors: China has a developed IT structure, networks, and infrastructure. It has massive telecommunication expansions making it more suitable for an industry g rowth.China also has the advantage of having a large pool of inexpensive skilled labor. Companies can benefit from the China market by taking advantage of and cut costs that are up to approximately 50-60% (Shine technologies, 2008). However, the textile industry in China has constantly been on the spotlight due to its massive negative effects on the environment. Prices of clothing and fabric imported to the U. S have been falling ever since 1995. The Chinese textile companies have been known to cut costs of production by dumping wastes into rivers causing massive pollution. U.S retail textile industry on the other hand is struggling to prevent environmental issues that have caused them consumer backlash in the past. The textile industry in China is one of the dirtiest industries in the country. Heavy metals and carcinogens contain high levels of organic materials causing much damage to the environment. Gap therefore should consider this as a drawback when opting to outsource in Chin a nice this pollution may eventually lead to emergence of social movements that will rise against environmental degradation by textile industries leading to considerable reduction in sales.

Mao’s domestic policies Essay

Essay Question: To what extend do you consider Mao’s domestic policies more successful than his foreign policies? Between the years 1949 and 1976 China was in a faze of changes, which varied in good and bad, the way roller coasters vary in ups and downs. Mao Zedong was the Chairman during those years whom one could make responsible for numerous successes and failures in China. His domestic and foreign policies were the causes of millions of deaths, economic highs and lows, unhappy peasants and many more factors which harmed and helped China to build up and backwards after feudalism had been removed from China. The Five Year Plan, which was a duplicate of the plan that Russia used to overcome the countries misery, took place between 1952 and 1956 and was a success for entire China. The Hundred Flowers Campaign, which Mao started in 1957, is known to be one of his greatest failures and resulted in chaos, along with the collectivisation plan in the late 1950’s and early 1960’s and the Great Leap Forward Mao failed to help his country. As he supported the Korean War in the 1950’s Chinas budget decreased my thousand of millions of Yuan. This foreign policy was a disaster for China and even though several domestic policies were introduced, none of them could really keep China and it’s masses in population contend. Due to the support China had provided Korea with many more people died. If Korean had not been supported by Chinas budget, then one could argue that not as many people would have been killed the Korean War. Maybe the number of deaths could have been reduced to half a million or so, one can only speculate, yet it is clear that this foreign policy did not do any good, but much more harm. It did not only destroy human lives, it also harassed the Chinese budget and as a result made China very weak. PRC Expenditure in Percentages of Total Budget: As is shown on the table in 1950 the percent of money which was taken away from the budget is 41,5 %. This is almost half of the entire Chinese budget. Most of this money supported the Korean War and helped Korean to defend itself. By 1957 this percentile had gone down, but all most every other one went up. For an example 51,4 % of the Chinese budget was being used to support the economic development. This is a vast amount of money needed to support the economic development of a country. Even though this foreign policy supported Korean, it was and opposition for the donator, China. The Five Year Plan can be viewed purely as a success. Mao was impressed with what Lenin had accomplished with it and decided to do the same. Mao and the PRC, People Republic of China, build up the same Five Year Plan as Russia and succeeded. The National Resources Committee, NRC, had already taken care of several industrial ideas, which Mao had, and they were also the ones who had total control over the industrial investment sections. During the Five Year Plan a significant amount of migration took place. Families moved from the countryside into the large cities to find jobs at factories. One major factor that makes the Five Year Plan a success is of the inflation, from which China had been suffering for many years, which Mao achieved to decrease. It dropped from over 1,000 percent to nearly 15 percent and was a result of a raise of taxes and a change of the Chinese currency from the Chinese Dollar to the Yuan. Not only did the PRC want to focus on the production of steel, coal and petrol-chemicals, but also on transportations such as the Chinese automobile. An event, which is a perfect example to demonstrate the successes of the Five Year Plan would be the construction of a road and railway bridge, which crossed the Yangzi River, which can be seen as a contribution to the modernization of China. By 1952 the PRC had introduced their goals of what they wanted to achieve during the Five Year Plan. Their targets were to produce at least 555,000 bicycles by 1957, yet instead they produced more than 1,740,000. Also, they planned on manufacturing 4,000 trucks, but they achieved to produce more than 7,500. However magnificent this all sounds and how proud China must have been, if Russia had not helped China to industrialize, they would have never been able to compare themselves with the Soviet Union after their Five Year Plan had Worked so well. Meaning, China was not as successful as Russia had been, because China got the Soviet Unions support, whereas Russia made it on their own two feet. However, one should give credit to Mao for the Five Year Plan, because this was one of his only successful domestic policies and it gave China a better economic position in the world. The Hundred Flowers Campaign, which was a domestic policy, introduced in 1956, was probably Mao’s greatest Failure during has dictatorship. When Mao became the Chairman in 1949 he strict freedom of speech policies, since he did not welcome any other political opinions other than those of communism. In 1956, Mao Zedong decided it was time to allow people in China to speak their minds free from fear of persecution by the government. Mao wanted to encourage free speech and healthy arguments. This was introduced with the phrase â€Å"let a hundred flowers bloom.† With this he wanted allow the expression of diverse ideas. Mao colleagues to stop this policy, due to the fact that Stalin had lost power in Poland and Hungry through this policy. However, he pressured boldly forward. After some time thing got out of hand and Mao replaced it with the ‘anti-rightist’ operation. Mao sent intellectuals, layers and even teacher to the countryside, had them humiliated publicly, or let them be assassinated. The Hundred Flowers Campaign was a disaster. Thousands were killed because they had their own opinion and expressed it freely, just the way Mao had provoked. When Mao said: â€Å"It is only by using discussion, criticism and reasoning that we can really foster correct ideas, overcome wrong ideas and really settle issues.† and then killed the majority of those who obeyed his new policy, one must ask oneself, what he really intended with this. One could argue that Mao did not create the Hundred Flower Campaign to get feed-back and criticism so that he can improve the countries situation, it is thought that Mao introduced the Campaign to find those who had something to say against him and his ideas in a quicker and more efficient way than before. In conclusion, Mao became more powerful, however, be betrayed his own country. This is how one can see where his domestic policies were much less successful than his foreign ones. With his foreign policy mention earlier, he provoked death due to a war, whereas in his domestic policies he provoked death due to his own ignorance and utter ruthlessness. Once one has made one mistake, it seems as though one has released a chain of reactions. At least this is the case for Mao, because his next mistake was not far from his last one. The Great Leap Forward, which took place in 1958-1962, was a hardship on the peasants. Even though China had modernized and industrialized there were still many problems to come. Although Mao stood upright for equal treatment of all humans and even though Mao and his family were peasants, he set up a list of strict rules for the peasants to obey. This was a result of the following. Mao realized that not enough food was being produced and brought to the cities, because of the migration that took place in the Five Year Plan. Too much of the population was now working in the factories and the economic planner concluded that this was the fault of the peasants. Since the peasant families were increasing rapidly each month, too much grain was going to the individual families, and thus, Mao decided to put the peasants under strict central control and direction. During the great peasant revolution Mao had given the serfs freedom and the land that once belonged to the landowners now belonged to them. However, the Collectivisation Plan changed everything. Now the peasants were not working for themselves anymore, but for the government, to prevent another shortage of grain in the cities. China’s agricultural land was split into 70,000 communes, each consisting of 750,000 brigades, each made up of 200 households. The setting of prices, distribution of products, farming methods and the sales were all controlled by the PRC. Since the targets of grain production of the government were so high, there was not much grain left for the people. Hunger and death was well known during that time, and millions had died of starvation. Alone in Tibet 20% of the population had starved to death. The main problem of this crisis was that nobody told Mao about these happenings, because they were all afraid to undergo the same destiny as all the others who told him the bad news. However, one man did find the courage after all and open his heart to Mao. Mr. Peng Dehuai was the minister of defence, and decided to let Chairman know about the disasters that were going on. He was dismissed and sent to the countryside. By now nearly all of China was afraid to say anything against or even to him. The Collectivisation system pulled China down more than ever. In 1958 200 million tons of grain were being produced, but in 1962 less than 160 million tons were produced. A similar thing happened to the meat production. In 19584,3 million tons of meat were being manufactured and by 1968 only 1,9 tons were being produced. Mao’s plan had once again not worked. Almost thirty million people died in China from his domestic policies, however, his foreign policies did not cause such harsh consequences for anyone. One must look at the success of the domestic and foreign policies from three different perspectives. One, the Chinese citizens perspective during Mao’s dictatorship, two, Mao’s own viewpoint, and three, the perception of the success of today’s people. The Chinese people of that time lived the changes, the success and most of all the failures. Like in many situations, the negative things were paid more attention, due to the harsher memories, which are well in mind. The people suffered, lost family members and were tortured mentally and physically. Even though Mao became like a God for them after the â€Å"Little Red Book† was published in May 1964. It was a book of quotations from Mao and was there to give the Chinese citizens a better view of what he was doing. Mao was feared and therefore obeyed. From Mao’s point of view, things seemed to be going great because be barely received feedback from his colleagues, because they were too afraid of him as well. The fear, which developed through out the years came from the punishment that people had to undergo. The rumours of what was happening did not even have to go around the country; the majority of the people saw the humiliations and various other punishments with their own eyes. Anyhow, Mao was partially not informed about the millions of deaths that were occurring, therefore he was probably satisfied with his work, and believed that he was successful. Then, if one looks at the overall damaged he caused with his domestic and foreign policies one can see that his domestic policies were much less successful than his foreign policies. If Mao would still be alive today he would possibly realize his mistakes and would think similar to the perspective of today. Mao was a man with visions and ideas, which he thought to be most important. However, he did more harm then did he help people with his domestic and foreign policies. One can even consider his foreign policies more successful in some ways, because his support in the Korean War did not kill as many people as his domestic polices resulted in killing. Nevertheless, one mustn’t generalize everything. One must also look from different perspectives such as Mao’s for an example. He was often left uninformed about what was really going on in the country; therefore he was most likely felt successful. The peasants had a much different point of view due to the more authentic experiences they had to undergo. But by looking at the situation form the modern eyes of today, one can clearly see the successes and failures of Chairman Mao’s dictatorship. His domestic policies were less successful than his foreign policies due to the numbers of deaths. It seems as though Mao released a chain reaction of mistakes as he did his first one with the Hundred Flowers Campaign in 1957, and that there was no way of stopping it.

Conflict and Reconciliation Essay

A state primarily consists of three vital things, without which a state would no longer be called a state. These three things namely – people, territory and government. The three of them are dependent and interdependent on each other. It is difficult to have them separated and be considered as the sole cause of a problem. The territory is not in our hands, this is the land that we got after independence. The government is what runs the country, but, there is nothing that we, citizens can do. All we get to do is elect a representative party of the government every four years. And lastly, we have the people of the country. This is yet another vital component of a state. Without this, a state would be a deserted piece of land. (Muller, 2005) There have been instances where the so-called people of the land are not one. In fact, there have been conflicts between the people. Well, there are a lot of conflicts. But it is never the conflict that is harmful, it is never the clash of ideas that breaks the country, but the behavior of the conflict is what drives people away from being one. Once there is a rift between them, there is no going back. It is difficult to bring the people out from their then built in schemas. After a conflict which has taken out peace form one sect of the country, it is difficult to have them stop stereotyping the other one. There is a key word that I have used in the previous sentence. The word sect caught my attention as soon as I was done writing the sentence. I ask myself, is our country divided into sects? Is that what is causing the conflict? Is it the cause of the rifts that take place every day? Is it the cause of the grudges built in people? Is this what makes them stereotype others that are not in their sect? Well, after hours of pondering, I say yes. This is why we are not one. This is exactly why we can not have a civil discussion among people of different sects without having any clash of ideas. The division of sects in the country is the very reason of as to why we give the term â€Å"Many Americas† to this country. Let’s consider a couple of examples that might invoke us and might bring us to a conclusion that the division of people into sects is not the only cause of the so-called â€Å"Many Americas†. There is no doubt that we have different communities in this country. Well, every nation does, it is not like our nation is different from the rest. It is just that we do not have to over look the priorities and the benefits of the sects that are small in number. It is human nature to consider the things that are obvious and are right in front of us. Although it is not right not to consider the sects that are in minority. Lets take an example of the people contemporarily living in the country. We have a lot of Indians present, some are working, some are studying and some are living as illegal immigrants. In fact a lot of them are living as illegal immigrants. Definitely, the clash of ideas and compromise has to be there. Without compromise, the clash of ideas between them, will grow and will soon develop into huge unsolved rifts. This is just one trivial example. Just to mention that I am not considering the illegal immigrants, who are staying in the country because they want to and not because they can stay? Their story is pretty different. If they can not be hired for any job because they do not hold a passport or a green card or hold a long expired visa – well, they are to blame. There are different cultures, different religions, different races, cultures, beliefs, doctrines, creed, color. There is so much that has been separating us. This is what people usually say. I do not second their notion. It is highly incorrect for them to say that if some one is in the minority, they do not belong to this nation. If some one has a different skin color than me, they are just different. Well, I say such people are nothing but shallow. There is not much that we can do to make them turn around and understand that although there are people of different doctrines living in the same piece of land as us, but they are still Americans, they are still a part of us. Just telling them that they are wrong is not going to change any thing. The schemas that people develop and stick to the fore front of the minds of the people, do not just develop in a day. It takes a lot of years to develop them and it takes just seconds to make them even worst. By this I mean that it is difficult to drive the schemas out, however, it is not difficult to build upon them. It is easier said than done. Many Americas is not many, its just one. It’s a matter of perception. Let’s take a trivial yet crucial example of the positive instances never being counted or accounted for. I was with my friends at the beach. The Indians at school are known for stealing trinkets from the kids at school. My friend’s watch got stolen from our spot. We were all worried and the first thing that she did was point â€Å"I† for stealing it. Lets take â€Å"I† as the Indian girl who was blamed. Just because she was around our spot at the beach does not necessarily mean that she stole it. Well, she was embarrassed and humiliated in front of all the kids there. It was a school trip so all the kids from school were there. Her entire bag was toppled; all the things inside it were forcibly thrown out of it. I tried to stop my friend but, she would just not let it go; it was an expensive watch. Well, at the end we found out that some one’s dog took it. But the point of the entire story is that she did not do it. Even after the incident, they all still blamed the Indians for taking away things ever time something got lost. It is not a matter to be proud of. We are all one. We are all one nation. It is ok to share the same piece of land with some one who is a little different from us. Although this was just one example, there are many others that I will be mentioning about in the final paper. The entire point of this rough draft is that no matter how different one may be, we are all living and sharing the same piece of land. The belief that this is my land more that it is yours just because there are more people like me on this land than you; this idea is to be driven out of our heads as soon as we can before matters worsen. There is not much that we can do to make them forget the existing schemas and understand that although there are people of different doctrines and beliefs, living in the same piece of land we are, but they are still Americans, just like us and they are still a part of us. We all together make this nation. It is not just one sect or two, it is many Americas that make this beautiful, peaceful country, our country. And just telling those people that they are wrong is not going to change any thing. The schemas that people develop and stick to the fore front of the minds of the people, do not just develop in a day. It takes a lot of years to develop them and it takes just seconds to make them even worst. By this I mean that it is difficult to drive the schemas out, however, it is not difficult to build upon them. Hence, we are altogether one nation no matter how many creeds and sects our nation has. Reference: David J. Whittaker, Conflict and Reconciliation in the Contemporary World Gilbert H. Muller, Many Americas Reading and Writing across the Cultural Divides

The Seeds Dispersal Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Seeds Dispersal - Lab Report Example The purpose of this experiment is to determine the correlation between the distance covered by the seed and seed weight, fluff size, and the speed of the wind. The following materials were used, thirty milkweed seeds, meter rule, weighing balance, stopwatch, paper bags, strings, fan, and notebook.As described, the weight of each seed was measured using weighing balance and noted. The length of fluff was also measured and recorded. This was followed by measuring the time taken by seed on air. Each seed was dropped from a height of one meter three times and time average for the seed loft in air measured and recorded. After all the data were collected, the mean and standard deviation for time, weight and fluff length were calculated. The seeds dispersal is a significant factor in plants redistribution. Light seeds are flown a large distance by wind than heavier seeds. From the experiment, it is clear that small seeds move far distance than heavy seeds from their place of origin under the same wind magnitude. Seed dispersed from shorter plants move a small distance from their parent plant than taller plants. From the experiment, it is also clear that the distance moved by seed is directly determined by the strength of the wind. Excel sheet No.3 Wind plays a major role in plant dispersal. Only small light seeds with special adaptations can be dispersed by the winds. These adaptations are to facilitate the seeds remaining airborne longer which means they can be carried great distances. Such adaptations involve hairs or outgrowths which increase the surface area to catch the wind.

Plant Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plant Psychology - Essay Example After all, they too have requirements for living as others, and if at all these requirements are not fulfilled, they will cease to survive. So there any proof of plants' behavior Plants do some amazing things; photosynthesis is outstanding work, and so is splitting water molecules. Plants can even communicate amongst each other by releasing chemicals into the air. These chemicals were 'unknown' to humans until we developed instruments sensitive enough to detect them. So, plants do not need to be endowed with superhuman attributes to be displaying psychology. Backster in 1968 claimed that all living cells are capable of "primary perception," a form of direct biological communication. He monitored the electrical resistance on the surface of one leaf on each of three philodendrons to see if they would respond at the moment of death of distant brine shrimp. The plants were monitored throughout these time periods. The procedure was totally automated, and the experimenter left the premises during the process of the experiment. The plant's responses were recorded on a strip chart recorder, which were later analyzed by three blind judges. There was a significantly greater amount of activity on the plants, showing they had 'felt; what had happened to other plants (Sargent, 1982). Simply because plants lack a nervous system, people never care to think over the fact that plants can also portray behavior.